孙子曰：凡火攻有五：
        Sun  Tzu  said，'  In  the  conduct  of  war  incendiarism
    may  take  five  different  forms：
            一曰火人，
            1．To  burn  men
            二曰火积，
            2．To  burn  stores
            三曰火辎，
            3．To  burn  baggage  trains
            四曰火库，
            4. To  burn  arsenals
            五曰火队。
            5．To  burn  supply  routes
        行火必有因，烟火必素具。
        In  order  to  be  able  to  carry  out  incendiarism，  one
must  have  the  aid  of  men  and  weather，  besides  the  neces-
sary  materials  for  setting  fires.
        发火有时，起火有日。
        There  is  a  proper  season  for  attacks  by  incen-
diarism，  and  there  are  special  days  when  it  is  easiest  to
    start  a  conflagration.
        时者，天之燥也；日者，月在箕、壁、翼、
    轸也；凡此四宿者，风起之日也。
        The  best  season  is  when  the  weather  is  dry.The  best
    days  are  those  when  there  is  a  strong  wind  due  to  the  four
    different  positions  of  the  moon.
        凡火攻，必因五火之变而应之。
        To  use  the  five  forms  of  incendiarism  one  must  be
    prepared  to  do  the  following：
        火发於内，则早应之於外。
        As  soon  as  the  fire  is  started  in  the  enemy's  camps，
    one  must  at  once  rush  to  attack  them  from  without.
        火发兵静者，待而勿改；
        When  the  fire  fails  to  startle  and  confuse  the  enemy，
    one  must  not  commence  attacks  immediately.
        极其火力，可从而从之，不可从而止。
        When  the  fire  has  already  burnt  out，  one  must
    exercise  discretion  as  whether  or  not  to  pursue  the  enemy.
        火可发於外，无待於内，以时发之。
        When  it  is  found  feasible  to  start  fire  from  without，
    one  need  not  wait  for  opportunity  to  start  fire  within  the
    enemy's  camps．  The  important  thing  is  that  it  must  be
staeted  when  the  moment  is  favourabLe.
    火发上风，无攻下风。
    When  attacking  the  enemy  by  fire，  one  must  not
advance  against  the  direction  of  the  wind.
    画风久，夜风止。
    The  wind  that  begins  in  the  daytime  will  last，  but
one  that  begins  in  the  night  will  soon  cease.
    凡军必知有五火之变，以数守之。
    One  must  know  these  five  forms  of  incendiarism  in
warfare  and  be  able  to  take  appropriate  measures  in
anticipation  of  them.
    故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。
    Those  who  resort  to  fire  as  an  aid  in  attacking  the
enemy  must  possess  perspicacity，  while  those  who  resort
to  water  as  an  aid  in  attacking  the  enemy  must  possess
strength.
    水可以绝，不可以夺。
    By  means  of  water  one  can  cut  the  enemy's   supply
routes  but  cannot  rob  their  belongings.
    夫战胜攻取，而不修其功者凶，命曰费留。
    If  after  the  victory  is  gained  one  fails  to  reward
those  who  have  rendered  good  services，  the  result  will  be
calamitous．For  thereafter  no  one  will   have  the  incentive
to  do  his  utmost.
    故曰：明主虑之，良将修之。
    Hence  it  may  be  said：  What  a  wise  sovereign  has
planned  the  good  generals  must  execute.
    非利不动，
    One  must  not  begin  war  unless  there  is  some  definite
advantage  to  gain.
    非得不用，
    One  must  not  resort  to  war  unless  there  is  an
assurance  of  victory.
    非危不战，
    One  must  not  fight  unless  the  situation  becomes  so
critical  that  there  is  no  other  alternative.
    主不可以怒而兴师，
    As  a  sovereign  one  must  not  start  war  on  the  spur  of
anger.
    将不可以愠而致战；
    As  a  general  one  must  not  fight  a  battle  out  of  spite.
        合於利而动，不合於利而止；
        Whether  one  goes  to  war  or  not  should  be  decided  by
    the  consideration  of  possible  gain.
        怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复
    存，死者不可以复生。
        For  an  angry  man  may  change  and  become  pleased；
    a  grieved  man  may  change  and  become  contented.
    Whereas  a  State  that  is  once  destroyed  cannot  be  restored；
    a  man  that  is  once  killed  cannot  be  resurrected.
        故明君慎之，良将警之，此安国全军之道
    也。
        Therefore  a  wise  sovereign  should  always  be  most
    cautious  about  war，  while  a  good  general  should  always
    be  alert  in  war．  This  is  the  way  to  secure  peace  for  the
    State  and  safety  for  the  army．’
                  译文
    孙子说：火攻的形式有五种：一是焚烧敌军
的人马，二是焚烧敌军的粮草积聚，三是婪烧敌
军的辎重，四是焚烧敌军的仓库，五是婪烧敌军
的粮道。实施火攻必须具备一定条件，火攻器材
必须经常准备好。发火要看天时，起火要选准有
利的日期。天时是指天气乾燥；日期是指月亮运
行到「箕」、[壁]、「翼」、「斡」四个星宿位
置的日子，凡是月亮运行到这四个星宿位置时，
就是起风的日子。凡是火攻，必须根据上述五种
火攻所造成的情况变化，适时地运用兵力加以策
应。从敌营内部放火，就要及时派兵从外而策
应。火已烧起，而敌军仍能保持镇静的，应观察
等待，不要马上发起进攻，等火势烧到最旺时
候，视情况可以进攻就进攻，不可以进攻就停
止。火也可以从外面放，那就不必等待内应，只
要适时就可以放火。火在上风放，不可以从下风
进攻。白天风刮久了，夜晚就容易停止。军队必
须懂得灵活地运五种火攻的方法，等待具备条
件，然後实施火攻。用火攻来辅助进攻，效果显
著，用水攻来辅助进攻，威势强大。水可以分
割、断绝敌人，但不能夺取积蓄。凡打了胜仗，
夺取了土地、城池，而不能及时奖赏有功，则有
祸害，这叫做「费留」。所以说：明智的国君要
慎重地考虑这件事，良好的将帅要认真地研究这
件事。不是有利不行动，不能得胜不用兵，不是
危迫不作战。国君不可因一时的恼怒而兴兵打
仗，将帅不可凭一时的怨愤而出阵求战。对国家
有利就行动，对国家不利就停止。恼怒可以重新
欢喜，怨愤可以重新高兴，国亡了就不能复存，
人死了就不能再生。所以，明智的国君对这些问
题一定要慎重，良好的将帅对这些问题一定要警
惕，这是安定国家和保全军队的根本道理。