孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千
乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮；则内外之费，宾客之
用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万
之师举矣。
    Sun  Tzu  said，‘  In  the  actual  conduct  of  war  there
may  be  in  the  field  as  many  as  thousands  of  chariots  and
carriages，tens  of  thousands  of  armed  men.  Provisions
may  have  to  be  carried  over  distances  of  thousands  of  lii.
The  military  expenses  for  an  army  of  l00，000  men-
direct  and  indirect，  guests’  entertainment  fees，  costs  of
equipments  and  supplies-may  amount  as  much  as
thousands  of  taels  of  silver  per  day.
    其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，
久暴师则国用不足。
    When  victory  is  long  delayed  the  ardour  and  morale
of  the  army  tends  to  become  dampened．  When  the  siege
on  a  city  is  prolonged  the  fighting  strength  tends  to
become  exhausted．  When  the  campaign   is  protracted  the
state  treasury  tends  to  become  impoverished.
    夫钝兵、挫锐、屈力、殚货，则诸侯乘其弊
而起，虽有智者，不能善其后矣。
    When  the  army's  ardour  and  morale  is  dampened，
when  the  fighting  strength  is  exhausted，  and  when  the
state  treasury  is  impoverished， it  will  be  an  opportunity
for  other  state  sovereigns  to  take  advantage.  Under  such
weakened  conditions  even  the  most  resourceful  men  will
not  be  able  to  make  amends.
        故闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国
利者，未之有也。
    Thus  the  stupid  may  sometimes  score  quick  success
but  even  the  most  clever  must  fail  in  a  protracted  war.
fare.  There  has  never  been  a  case  where  a  prolonged  war-
fare  proved  beneficial  to  any  State.
        故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利
也。
    Therefore  those  who  are  not  fully  aware  of  the
dangers  of  war  cannot  know  the  most  profitable  way  of
waging  wars.
        善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载。取用于
国，困粮于敌，故军食可足也。
    The  adepts  in  warfare  see  to  it  that  the  army  will
need  no  second  conscription  and  that  the  provisions  will
not  need  replenishment  more  than  twice.  The  necessary
armament  are  brought  from  home  and  the  army  are
made  to  live  by  foraging  on  the  enemy．  In  this  way  there
will  always  be  sufficient  food  supply  for  the  army.
        国之贫于师者远输。远输则百姓贪。
    When  military  provisions  have  to  be  transported
over  long  distances  it  tends  to  impoverish  the  state  trea-
sury  as  well  as  the  whole  people.
    近于师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，
    When  military  operations  are  close  by  the  prices  of
things  tend  to  soar，  and  high  prices  tend  to  deplete  the
stores  of  the  people。
    财竭则急于丘役。
    In  proportion  as  the  wealth  of  the  country  becomes
depleted,  levies  and  taxes  tend  to  become  heavier。
    力屈、财殚，中原内虚于家。百姓之费，十
去其七；公家之费，破车罢马，甲胄矢弩，戟盾
蔽橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。
    This  depletion  of  wealth  and  resources  may  amount
on  the  part  of  the  people  as  much  as  seven-tenths  of  their
total  possessions．  On  the  part  of  the  State  the  expenses  for
such  items  as  chariots，  horses，  armaments，  etc，  may  a-
mount  to  as  much  as  six-tenths  of  its  total  revenues.
    故智将务食于敌，食敌一锺，当吾二十锺；
荠秆一石，当吾二十石。
    Therefore  the  wise  general  makes  it  possible  for  the
army  to  forage  on  the  enemy.  One  measure  of  provision
or  provender  seized  from  the  enemy  is  worth  twenty
times  his  own.
        故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。
        That  which  drives  men  to  kill  the  enemy  is  pro-
    vocation，  and  that  which  makes  conquest  of  the  enemy
    profitable  is  loot。
        故车战，得车十乘以上，赏其先得者，而更
    其旌旗，车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而
    益强。
        In  chariot  fighting  those  who  have  captured  the
    first  ten  chariots  or  more  should  be  rewarded．  After
    changing  colours  the  captured  chariots  should  be  incor－
    porated  into  service，  while  kind  treatment  should  be
    accorded  to  the  captives．  This  is  the  way  to  increase  one 's
    own  strength  by  appropriating  the  resources  of  the
    vanquished.
        故兵贵胜，不贵久。
        Therefore  in  war  one  should  aim  at  swift  victory
    and  avoid  prolonged  campaign.
        故知兵之将，生民之司命，国家安危之主
    也。
        The  adepts  in  warfare  hold  in  their  hands  the  desti-
    ny  of  the  people  and  the  security  of  the  State．'
                  译文
    孙子说，大凡用兵作战的一般原则，要出动
战车千辆，辎重车千辆，军队十万，运粮于千里
之外，这种情况，前方后方的用费，招待宾客使
节的开支，器材物资、武器装备的保养补充，每
天要耗费千金，然后十万大军才能出动。用这样
庞大的军队去作战，就要求速胜。拖的时间长
了，就会使军队疲惫，锐气挫伤；攻城就会耗尽
战斗力；军队长期在外作战；含使国家财政发生
困难。如果军队疲惫，锐气挫伤，力量耗尽，经
济枯竭，其他诸侯就会乘此危机而起兵进攻，那
时，即使是很高明的人，也不能挽回危局了。所
以，用兵打仗，只听说指挥虽拙也要求速胜的，
没见过求巧而久拖的。战争久拖而有利于国家
的，这种情况从来没有过。所以，不完全了解用
兵有害方面的人，就不能完全了解用兵的有利方
面。善于用兵的人，兵员不一再征集，粮秣不多
次运送；军需自国内取用，梁秣在敌国解决，这
样，军队的梁秣给养就可以满足了。国家之所以
因用兵贫困，是由于远道运输的缘故，远道运输
百姓就会贫困。在军队集结的地方，附近市场物
价就会飞涨，物价飞涨就会使百姓财富枯竭；财
富枯竭就要急于加征赋役。力量耗尽，财富枯
竭，国内千里丘野家家空虚。百姓的财产，耗去
了十分之七；公家的资财耗费，车辆损坏，马匹
疲病，盔甲、箭努、戟盾、蔽橹以及用的牛和大
车，也要损失十分之六。所以高明的将帅务求在
敌国解决梁秣问题。就地吃敌粮一锺，相当于吃
本国二十锺；用草料一石，相当于运输本国的二
十石。要使军队勇敢杀敌，就要激起他们对敌人
的仇恨；要想夺取敌人的物资，就要用财货奖赏
士卒。所以在车战中，凡缴获敌车十辆以上的，
要奖赏最先夺旁得战车的人，并把敌人战车上的旗
帜，更换成自己的旗帜，混合编入己方车队之
中，对俘虏来的士卒要给予善待和使用，这就是
所谓战胜敌人而使自己愈加强大。所以用兵利于
速胜，不利于持久。所以懂得用兵的将帅，是民
众的「司命」，国家安危的主宰。