孙子曰：凡先处战地而持敌者佚。后处战
地而趋战者劳。
Sun Tzu said，‘ Those who reach the battle-field
early have time to rest up and wait for the enemy. Those
who reach the battle-field late have to rush into action
when they are already weary or exhausted.
故善战者，致人而不致於人。
The adept in warfare always forces the enemy to
traverse distances and dangers in order to meet him，
while he waits for them at ease.
能使敌人自至者，利之也。能使敌人不得
至者，害之也。
By holding out baits one can make the enemy go to
places where he wants them to go. By inflicting damages
he can prevent the enemy from reaching places where
they want to reach.
故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。
When the enemy want to rest one must try tO weary
them. When the enemy have plenty of food one must try
to starve them. When the enemy intend to settle down
one must try to force them to move on.
出其所不趋，趋其所不意。
One should attack where the enemy are expected to
appear，and appear where they do not expect attacks.
行千里而不劳者，行於无人之地也。
If an army can traverse thousands of lii without
feeling weary it must be due to the absence of opposition.
攻而必取者，攻其所不守也；守而必固
者，守其所不攻也。
An offense can have sure success when it is directed
against places where the defense is weak． A defense can
have sure succcss only when it is held in places which are
invulnerable to attacks.
故善攻者，敌不知其所守；
The adept in offensive warfare makes the enemy
feel at loss as to where to put up defense.
善守者，敌不知其所攻。
The adept in defensive warfare makes the enemy
feel at loss as to where to direct attacks.
微乎微乎，至於无形，神乎神乎，至於无
声，故能为敌之司命。
The whole thing appears so subtle， so uncertain， so
mystical， so intangible! On this account he is able to hold
the destiny of the enemy in his hands！
进而不可御者，冲其虚也。
When attacks are directed against the enemy's weak
points the advance becomes irresistible.
退而不可追者，速而不可及也。
When an army can travel faster than the enemy it
can retreat without danger of pursuit.
故我欲战，敌虽高垒深沟，不得不与我战
者，攻其所必救也。
If one wants to engage the enemy in battle and if
the enemy seek refuge behind inaccessible shelters， he
can draw them out by attacking some place which they
will be obliged to rescue.
我不欲战，画地而守之。敌不得与我战
者，乖其所之也。
If one considers it advantageous not to engage the
enemy in battle but wishes to hold fast to his position， he
can mislead them by unexpected sorties.
故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。
If one is certain about the enemy's battle formations
and keeps them ignorant of his own， he can have his
forces concentrated and the enemy's divided.
我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也，则
我众而敌寡。能以众击寡者，则吾之所与战
者，约矣。
When one's forces remain united while the enemy's
are split up into numerous sections， he can always pit his
whole against the enemy's part． As he can alwavs use
many against few the enemy find themselves in dif-
ficulties.
吾所与战之地不可知，不可知，则敌所备者
多；敌所备者多，则吾所与战者，寡矣。故备
前则後寡，备後则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左
寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。
The place where one wants to attack must not be
divulged． Because it is a secret the enemy are obliged to
put up defense at many places． Because they are obliged
to put up defense at many places， their forces are
scattered and their resistence at any one point is bound to
be weak． For if they concentrate defense in the front it
will be weak in the rear． If they concentrate defense in
the rear it will be weak in the front． If they concentrate
defense on the rigth it will be weak on the left． If they
concentrate defense on the left it will be weak on the
right． If they spread their forces over all points then the
defense will be weak at all points.
寡者，备人者也；众者，使人备己者也。
If one is on the defensive all the time he finds his
forces insufficient． If one is on the offensive he finds his
forces sufficent all the time.
故知战之地，知战之日，则可千里而会战。
If one can anticipate the place and time of a coming
battle he can，gather his forces together even though they
are situated thousands of lii apart．
不知战地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不
能救左，前不能救後，後不能救前，而况远者数
十里，近者数里乎？
If one cannot anticipate the place and time of a
coming battle he cannot make his forces help one an-
other even though they are all close around him-not to
say those who are many lii away.
以吾度之，越人之兵虽多，亦奚益於胜败
哉？故曰：胜可为也。
Accordingly， when one fails to anticipate correctly
even with a very large force he cannot be sure of victory.
It may be said that victory depends on correct antic-
ipation.
敌虽众，可使无斗。故策之而知得失之
计，作之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，角
之而知有余不足之处。
Though the enemy possess a large army they may be
rendered powerless． By scheming one can ascertain their
plans and plots； by provocation one can ascertain their
mood and movement； by tactics one can ascertain their
strength and weakness； and by contact one can ascertain
the differences between the two opposing forces．
故形兵之极，至於无形；无形，则深间不
能窥，智者不能谋。
Those who can employ tactics with consummate
skill are able to conceal their plans． Because of this even
the ablest spies cannot detect anything， and even the
most clever men cannot formulate counter plans.
因形而错胜於众，众不能知；人皆知我所
以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形。
To vanquish a superior force by clever tactics is
something beyond the understanding of the multitude.
They can see the execution of a victory but they cannot
comprehend the tactics from which a victory is evolved.
故其战胜不复，而应形於无穷。
The tactics by which a victory is obtained should
not be repeated in the ensuing battles but should be
varied indefinitely according to the variety of circum-
stances.
夫兵形象水。水之形，避高而趋下；兵之
形，避实而击虚。水因地而制流，兵因敌而制
胜。故兵无常势，水无常形。
The guiding principle in military tactics maY be
compared to that of water. Just as water tends to flow
from a high level toward a lower level， the army should
direct attacks on weakness and avoid strength． Just as
water adapts itself to the shape of the ground， the army
should work out plans for victory according to the
condition of the enemy. Just as water has no fixed form
warfare has no fixed rules.
能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。故五行无
常胜，四时无常位，日有短长，月有死生。
Those who are able to vary military tactics to win
victories according to the requirements of the enemy
may be compared to gods． They are as versatile as the
five elements， the four seasons， the sun and moon which
change and alternate without end．
译文
孙子说:凡先到达战场等待敌人就从容、主
动，後到达战场而仓促应战的就疲劳、被动。所
以，善於指挥作战的人，能调动敌人而不被敌人
所调动。能使敌人自己来上钩的，是以利引诱的
结果；能使敌人不能到达其预定地域的，是以制
造困难阻止的结果。所以，敌人修整得好，就要
设法使它疲劳；敌人给养充分，就要设法使它饥
饿，敌人安处不动，就要设法调动它。出兵要指
向敌人来不及救急的地方，急进要向敌人意料不
到的方向。行军千里而不困顿的，是因为行进在
没有敌人阻碍的地区。进攻而必然得手的，是因
为攻击的是敌人不防守或防守不严的地方；防守
必然稳固的，是因为扼守的是敌人不进攻或不易
攻破的地方。所以，善於进攻的，敌人不知道怎
麽防守；善於防御的，敌人不知道怎麽进攻。微
妙呀！微妙到看不出形迹；神奇呀!神奇到听不
见声息。所以能成为敌人的主宰。前进而使敌人
不能抵御的，是因为冲击敌人防守薄弱的地方；
后退而使敌人无法追击的，是因为行动迅速敌人
追赶不上。所以我军想打，敌人即使坚守高垒深
沟，也不得不脱离阵地与我交战，是因为进攻敌
人所必救的地方；我军不想打，即使画地防守，
敌人也无法同我交战，是因为我设法改变了敌人
的进攻方向。所心，用示形的办法欺骗敌人，诱
其使其暴露企图，而自己不露形迹，使敌人捉摸
不定，就能够做到自己兵力集中而使敌人兵力不
得不分散；我军兵力集中在一处，敌人兵力分散
於十处，我就能以十倍於敌的兵力打击敌人，这
样就造成我众敌寡的有利态势；能够集中优势兵
力去攻击劣势的敌人，那么与我军五接交战的敌
人就有限了。我军所要进攻的地方敌人不得而
知，不得而知，它就要处处防备；敌人防备的地
方越多，那么同我军当面作战的敌人就有限了。
所心，注意防备前面，後面的兵力就薄弱；注意
防备後面，前面的兵力就薄弱；注意防备左边，
右边兵力就薄弱；注意防备右边，左边兵力就薄
弱；处处防备，就处处兵力薄弱。敌方兵力所以
不足，是由於处处防备的结果；我方兵力所以
多，是因为迫使敌人分兵防我的结果。所以，能
预知在什麽地方打，在什麽时候打，就是跋涉千
里也可以同敌人交战；不能预知在什麽地方打，
在什麽时候打，那就会左不能救右，右不能救
左，前不能救後，後不能救前，何况远到数十
里，近的也有好几里呢？依我分析，越国的兵虽
多，对争取战争的胜利又有什麽补益呢？所以
说，胜利是可以争取到的。敌军虽多，可以使它
无法全力与我战斗。所以要认真分析判断，以求
明了利害得失；挑动一下敌军，以便了解其动静
规律；示形诱敌，以便摸清其所处地形的有利与
不利；进行战斗侦察，以探明敌人兵力部署的虚
实强弱。所以示形诱敌的方法运用到极妙的程
度，就看不出形迹。看不出形迹，即便有深藏的
间谍也窥察不到底细，即使很高明的人也想不出
办法来。适应敌情而取胜，把胜利摆在众人面
前，众人还是莫明其妙；人们都知道我取胜的作
战方式，但不知道我是怎样根据敌情变化灵活运
用各种作战方式。所以每次获胜，都不是重复老
一套，而是适应不同情况，变化无穷。用兵规律
像水的流动，水流动的规律是避开高处而流向低
处，用兵的规律是避开敌人坚实之处而攻击其虚
弱的地方。水因地形的高低而制约它奔流的方
向，用兵要根据敌情而决定取胜的方针。所以，
用兵作战没有固定不变的方式方法，就像水没有
固定的形态一样。能根据敌情变化而取胜的，就
叫做用兵如神。用兵的规律就像自然现象一
样，「五行」相生相克，四季依次更替，白天有
长有短，月亮有缺有圆，永远处於变化之中。