孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命於君，合军聚
众，交和而舍，莫难於军争。
Sun Tzu said，‘ In the conduct of war the general，
upon receipt of orders from his sovereign， proceeds to
collect and organize an army． He sees to it that harmony
reigns among all rank and file， and that order prevails in
all quarters.
军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。
There is nothing more baffling than the matter of
maneuvering． It is baffling because what is most direct
often appears devious， and what is advantageous often
appears harmful.
故迂其途，而诱之以利，後人发，先人至，
此知迂直之计者也。
To force the enemy to take a circuitous route in
order to reach some tempting bait held out to them one is
able to arrive at the destination early though he may
have started out late. This shows that he knows how to
deviate the enemy.
故军争为利，军争为危。
It is always advantageous to outwit the enemy by
clever maneluvers． It is always dangerous to pit against
the full fighting force of the enemy.
举军而争利，则不及；委军而争利，则辎
重捐。
An army carrying all the equipment may not march
fast enough． An army leaving the equipment behind
stand the danger of losing the stores of supplies.
是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里
而争利，则擒三将军；劲者先，疲者後，其法十
一而至。
Consequently when one orders his army to leave
behind the equipment and forces them to march in great
haste day following night over one hundred lii distance
in order to fight for some advantageous position， he is
most likely to suffer an ignominious defeat and lose all
three commanders． Because only the strongest can arrive
on time leaving the weary to lag behind and not more
than one out of ten will be present.
五十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；
When the forced march covers only fifty lii in order
to fight for some advantageous position， the commander
of the vanguards is most likely to suffer defeat and not
more than half of the men will be present.
三十里而争利，则三分之二至。
When the forced march covers only thirty lii in
order to fight for some advantageous position， it is
mostly likely that not more than two-thirds of the men
will be present.
是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则
亡。
An army that has lost its baggage must perish． An
army that has lost its provisions must perish． An army
that has lost its bases of supply must perish.
故不知诸候之谋者，不能豫交；
A state sovereign must not enter into alliance with
other state sovereigns before he is well acquainted with
their designs.
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军。
One must not conduct war before he is familiar
with the topography of the country-its mountains，
forests， passes， lakes， rivers， etc.
不用乡导者，不能得地利。
One cannot turn natural advantages to account
unless he can make use of guides.
故兵以诈立，以利动，以分合为变者也.
War is based on deception and started by the desire
for gain. Its tactics lie in the variation of concentration
and division of forces.
故其疾如风，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不动如
山，难知如阴，动如雷震。
One must be able to move as fast as winds or to
stand as still as forest； to be as destructive as fire or to be
as immobile as mountains； to be as impenetrable as
darkness or to be as active as thunderbolts.
掠乡分众，廓地分利。
When mopping up the countryside the army should
be spread out in all directions． When occupying the
country the army should be distributed to hold vantage
grounds.
悬权而动。先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之
法也。
One must deliberate and balance all possibilities
before he makes a move. One must first learn the art of
deviation before he can hope to win. This is an important
point in military maneuvers.
军政曰：【言不相闻，故为金鼓；视不相
见；故为旌旗。】
In an ancient record on the subject of military
affairs it is said：“When words cannot be heard the sig-
nals of gongs and drums are used． When eyes cannot see
things afar the signals of banners and flags are used．"
夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一人之耳目也；人既
专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独返，此用
众之法也。
The signals of gongs，drums， banners and flags are
intended to focus tlie attention of men. When men act as
a uniteld whole neither the brave will advance alone nor
the coward will retreat alone. That is the way to make a
large body of men to act together.
故夜战多火鼓，画战多旌旗，所以变人之耳
目也。
During the night fighting is mostly directed by the
signals of fires and drums． During the day fighting is
mostly directed by the signals of banners and flags． By
means of these signals the attention of men is varyingly
directed.
故三军可夺气，将军可夺心.
A whole army may become demoralized just as a
general may become disheartened.
是故朝气锐，画气惰，暮气归。故善用兵
者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。
In the early stage men's spirits are most fiery. Later
they tend to flag． Toward the end they may peter out.
Hence the adept in warfare tries to avoid the enemy
when their spirits are most fiery， and attack them when
their spirits are flagging or petering out． This is the way
to deal with the spirits of men.
以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。
One must match order with the enemy's disorder,
quiet with the enemy's disquiet． This is the way to deal
with the state of mind.
以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力
者也。
One must match propinquity with the enemy's dis-
tance， ease with the enemy's toil，and plenty with the
enemy's famine. This is the way to deal with the physical
conditions.
无邀正正之旗，勿击堂堂之陈，此治变者
也。
One must not try to intercept the enemy when their
banners indicate perfect orderliness． One must not try to
pursue the enemy when their movements indicate perfect
array. This is the way to deal with the varying circum-
stances.
故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背丘勿逆，佯北勿
从，锐卒勿攻，饵兵勿食，归师勿遏，围师必
阙，穷寇勿迫。
In the conduct of war one must not advance uphill
toward the enemy， nor must he confront them with his
back against a mountain. One must not pursue when the
enemy simulate flight． One must not challenge the ene-
my at the time when their spirits are most fiery. One
must not be tempted by baits held out by the enemy． One
must not try to stop the enemy when they are bent on
returning home. One must provide the enemy with one
free outlet when laying a siege. One must not press a
defeated enemy so hard that they become desperate.
此用兵之法也。
The above are points concerning the conduct of
war.
译文
孙子说：大凡用兵的法则，将帅受领国君的
命令，从组织民众编成军队，到与敌军对阵，在
这过程中最困难的事情莫过於与敌人争夺有利的
制胜条件了。争夺有利的制胜条件最难的地方，
又是如何通过迂迥曲折的途径达到近直的目的，
化不利为有利。故意迂回绕道，并用小利引诱敌
人，这样就能做到比敌人後出动而先到达必争的
要地，这就是懂得以迂为直的计谋。所以军争是
有利，也是有危险的。全军带著装备辎重去争
利，就不能及时到达预定地域；如果放下辎重去
争利，辎重就会损失。因此，卷起盔甲，轻装急
进，昼夜不停，以加倍的速度连续赶路，走上百
里的路程去与敌争利，那麽三军将领都可能被
俘，身体健壮的先到，疲弱的掉队，其结果只有
十分之一的兵力赶到；走上五十里的路程去争
利，先头部队的将领可能会受挫折，队伍只有半
数赶得到；走上三十里的路程去争利，可能有三
分之二兵力赶到。所以，军队没有辎重就会失
败，没有粮食就不能生存，没有物资储备就无法
坚持作战。不了解列图诸侯的计谋，不能与其结
交，不熟悉山林、险阻、沼泽等地形的，不能行
军；不使用向导的，不能得地利。用兵打仗要奇
诈多变才能成功，根据是否有利决定自己的行
动，分散或集中兵力，随情况而变。所以军队行
动快速时，像狂风骤至；行动缓慢时，像严整的
山林；进攻敌人时，像迅猛的烈火；驻守时，像
山岳一样屹立不动；隐蔽时，像阴天看不见日月
星辰那样；一动起来，就像万钧雷霆。掳掠乡
邑，分配俘虏来的人众，扩张领土，分配掠夺来
的资源，衡量利害得失，相机而动。事先懂得以
迂为直计谋的，就能胜利。这就是军争的原则。
「军攻」说：「用语言指挥听不到，所以设置锣
鼓；用动作指挥看不清，所以设置旌旗。」金鼓
旌旗都是用来统一军队作战行动的；军队行动既
然统一了，那末勇敢的就不得单独前进，怯懦的
也不得单独後退了，这就是指挥人数众多的军队
的方法。所以夜间作战多使用灯火和鼓声，白天
作战多使用旌旗，这些不同的指挥信号都是为了
适应人们的视听而变化使用的。对敌人的军队，
可以挫伤它的锐气，对於敌人的将领，可以搅乱
他的决心。军队初战的时候，士气比较旺盛，经
过一段时间之後，就逐渐懈怠，到了後期，士卒
就会气竭思归。所以善於用兵的人，要避开敌人
初来的锐气，等到敌人松懈疲惫时再去打它，这
是掌握军队士气的方法。以自己的严整来对待敌
人的混乱，以自己的镇静来对待敌人的轻躁，这
是掌握军心的方法。以自己部队的靠近战场来对
待敌人长途跋涉，以自己部队的从容修整来对待
敌人奔走疲劳，以自己部队的粮足食饱来对待敌
人的粮尽人饥，这是掌握军队战斗力的办法。不
去拦阻旗帜整齐、部署周密的敌人，不去攻击阵
容严整、实力雄厚的敌军，这是掌握因敌而变的
方法。所以，用兵的法则：敌军占领高地，不要
去仰攻；敌军背靠高地，不要从正面攻击；敌人
假装败退，不要去跟踪追击；敌军锐气正盛，不
要去进攻；敌人以「饵兵」诱我，不要去理睬；
正在撤退回国的敌人，不要去拦阻；包围敌人，
要虚留缺口；敌人已陷入绝境，不要过份逼迫
它。这些，都是用兵应当掌握的法则。