孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命於君，合军聚
    众。
        Sun  Tzu  said，‘  In  the  conduct  of  war  the  general，
    upon  receipt  of  orders  from  his  sovereign，  proceeds  to
    collect  and  organize  an  army.
        圮地无舍，
        One  must  not  quarter  the  army  in  lowlands.
        衢地交合，
        One  must  use  diplomacy  in  a  country  where  inter-
state  highways  intersect.
        绝地无留，
        One  must  not  stay  in  an  isolated  country.
        围地则谋，
        One  must  resort  to  stratagem  when  in  a  hemmed-in
country.
        死地则战。
        One  must  fight  his  way  out  when  in  a  dangerous
country.
        9．The  Desperate   Situation
        诸侯自战其地，为散地。
    When  the  sovereign  is  fighting  on  his  own  territory,
he  is  said  to  be  in  the  Dissentious  Situation
        入人之地而不深者，为轻地。
    When  he  has  carried  fighting  into  another's   ter-
ritory  but  has  not  yet  penetrated  far，  he  is  said  to  be  in
the  Facile  Situation.
        我得则利，彼得亦利者，为争地。
        When  he  is  fighting  for  a  position  which  would
prove  advantageous  for  either  side  to  gain，  he  is  said  to  be
in  the  Critical  Situation.
        我可以往，彼可以来者，为交地。
        When  he  is  fighting  on  ground  which  is  equally
accessible  to  both  combatants，  he  is  said  to  be  in  the  Open
Situation.
        诸侯之地三属，先至而得天下之众者，为衢
地。
        When  he  is  fighting  in  a  country  which  forms  a  key
position  to  several  states  and  which  leads  to  the  mastery
of  the  whole  Empire，  he  is  said  to  be  in  the  Commanding
Situation.
        入人之地深，背城邑多者，为重地。
   治兵不知九变之术，虽知五利刮，不能得人之用矣。
    The  general  who  knows  not  the  art  of  varying  tac-
tics  cannot  make  the  best  use  of  his  men，  though  he  may
be  well  acquainted  with  the  advantages  of  varying
tactics。
    是故智者之虑，必杂於利害。杂於利，而务
可信也；杂於害，而患可解也。
    In  the  deliberations  of  the  wise  both  favourable  and
unfavourable  factors  are  taken  into  account．  On  the  basis
of  the  favourable  factors  he  plans  how  to  pursue  his
objective，  and  on  the  basis  of  the  unfavourable  factors  he
plans  how  to  extricate  himself  from  difficulties.
    是故屈诸侯者以害，役诸侯者以业，趋诸侯
者以利。
    One  can  cower  the  other  state  sovereigns  by  in-
fliction  of  damages；  weary  them  by  creation  of  troubles；
and  allure  them  by  temptation  of  gain.
    故用兵之法，无侍其不来，恃吾有以待也；
无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。
    In  the  conduct  of  war  one  must  not  count  upon  the
enemy's  failure  to  come  but  calculate  how  to  meet  them
successfully；  he  must  not  rely  on  the  enemy's  failure  to
attack  but  consider  how  to  make  his  position  unas-
sailable.
        故将有五危：
        A  general  may  be  afflicted  in  five  different  ways：
        必死，可杀也；
        when  he  is  reckless  it  is  easy  to  kill  him.
        必生，可虏也；
        When  he  is  afraid  of  death  it  is  easy  to  capture  him.
        忿速，可侮也；
        When  he  is  choleric  it  is  easy  to  provoke  him.
        廉洁，可辱也；
        When  he  is  sensitive  of  honour  it  is  easy  to  insult
    him.
        爱民，可烦也。
        When  he  is  over-solicitous  of  his  men  it  is  easy  to
    harass  him.
        凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。覆军杀
    将，必以五危，不可不察也。
        These  are  five  common  weaknesses  which  afflict  a
    general  and  which  often  prove  calamitous  in  the  conduct
    of  war．  When  an  army  suffers  a  crushing  defeat  or  when
    ageneral  loses  his  life，  it  is  usually  on  account  of  these
    five  weaknesses．  They  must  be  clearly  understood．
                  译文
    孙子说：凡是用兵的法则：主将接受国君的
命令，徵集兵员编成军队，在「圮地」上不要宿
营，在「衢地」上要与都国结交，在「绝地」上
不可停留，在「围地」上要巧出奇谋，陷入「死
地」要坚决奋战。道路有的可以通过，敌军有的
可以不攻击，城邑有的可以不攻占，地方有的可
以不争夺，国君命令有的可以不执行。所以，将
帅能通晓以上九种地形利弊的，就是懂得用兵
了；将帅不通晓以上九变好处的，虽然了解地
形，也不能得地利。指挥军队而不知道九变的方
法，虽然知道「五利」，也不能充分发挥军队的
战斗力量。所以，聪明的将帅考虑问题，总是兼
顾到利和害两个方面。在有利的情况下考虑到不
利的方面，事情就可以顺利进行；在不利的情况
下考虑到有利的方面，祸患就可以消除。能使诸
侯屈服的，是用诸侯最害怕的事情去威胁它；能
役使诸侯的是用危险的事情去困扰它；能使诸侯
归附的，是用利益去引诱它。所以用兵的法则，
不要寄望於敌人不会来，而要依靠自己严阵以
待，充分准备；不要寄望於敌人不会进攻，而要
依靠自己有使敌人无法攻破的力量。将帅有五种
致命弱点：只知死拼会被杀，贪生怕死会被俘，
急躁易怒则经不起刺激，廉洁自爱则受不了侮
辱，爱护居民则可能会因掩护居民而导致烦扰。
以上五点，是将帅易犯的过失，是用兵的灾害。
军队覆灭、将帅被杀，都是由於这五种致命弱点
造成的，这是为将帅的人不可不充分注意的。